When formulating policy recommendations in medicine, the need for a synthesis of information to evaluate effectiveness and costs is irrefutable. This book describes meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis as conceptually related, quantitative methods for combininginformation to arrive at a summary conclusion. The information derived from appropriate use of these methods would foster rational decision-making based on systematic use of the information we already have. The book describes how to design and conduct these three types of studies and how tointerpret their results. It presents sufficient detail on the practical aspects of the application of the methods so that even a novice could do a simple analysis knowing little more than what is in the book. Even those who do not plan to carry out these types of studies themselves will profit frommore detailed knowledge about how such studies are properly done. Policy-makers without direct research experience will learn how better to utilize data from the three types of studies taking into account their limitations, which are discussed fully. Read Less